Transferable Skills Transferable skills are abilities you can carry from one job, team, or situation to the next: communicating clearly, solving problems, staying calm with a difficult customer, showing up ready to learn. A manager can teach you one store’s cash register in a week. They cannot quickly teach you to listen or to own Read More…

Title Loan A title loan is a high-cost loan that uses your vehicle as collateral. You hand over the title to get cash fast. If you cannot repay, the lender can take the car. People use these loans when a bank will not help and they need money immediately. The risk is losing the vehicle Read More…

Tariff A tariff is a tax on imported goods, charged at the border. You rarely see the word on a receipt. It still shows up in the price, because a business that pays more for steel, cars, or food often passes that cost on. Canada and the United States both use tariffs, including on each Read More…

Supply Chain A supply chain is the path a product takes from raw materials to the customer: sourcing, making, storing, shipping, and delivery. It can be local or stretch across countries. If one step is late, every step after it waits. A phone that cannot get a chip from one factory can sit unfinished even Read More…

Social Insurance Number (SIN) A Social Insurance Number (SIN) is the nine-digit number that links you to Canada’s tax and benefit systems. A new employer needs it to report your pay, pension contributions, and tax. Apply through Service Canada. Guard it the way you would a bank password. Someone who has it can open credit Read More…

Social Proof (Consensus) Social proof, also called consensus, is the pull of the crowd. If many people chose something, it feels like a safer choice for you. Reviews, “best seller” badges, and a packed restaurant all use it. The pull is strongest when you are unsure. Solomon Asch showed people would even match a wrong Read More…

Weak Ties Weak ties are casual contacts: a former classmate, a summer-job coworker, a friend’s older sibling. Sociologist Mark Granovetter found they are often more useful for job leads than close friends. Your inner circle tends to know the same openings you already know. Weak ties sit in other rooms, so they hear about work Read More…

Void Cheque A void cheque is a paper cheque with “VOID” written across it so nobody can cash it. The routing numbers on it still show, so an employer or government office can set up direct deposit into your account. In Canada those numbers are the institution, transit, and account numbers. In the United States Read More…

Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA) A Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA) is a Canadian registered account. You put in money you have already paid tax on. Growth and withdrawals are generally tax-free, and you can use the money for more than retirement. That flexibility is why a first job is a good time to start one, even Read More…

Student Line of Credit A student line of credit is private bank credit for school costs. You draw what you need, and interest usually starts as soon as you take the money. It does not come with the interest-free study period or forgiveness rules that can apply to government student loans. Use grants, family savings Read More…

Undue Hardship Undue hardship is the legal limit on an employer’s duty to accommodate a worker. Employers must adjust the job for needs tied to things such as disability, religion, or family status. The duty stops only if the change would create a serious financial or safety problem. Ordinary inconvenience is not enough. In Canada Read More…

Treaty-Related Income Treaty-related income is pay that may be tax-exempt because of Indigenous status, a treaty or agreement, and where the work was done. There is no single national rule. One common example is Section 87 of the Indian Act: employment income earned by a registered status Indian can be exempt if the work is Read More…

Statutory Holidays Statutory holidays are calendar days employment law names as holidays. In Canada you generally get a paid day off, or premium pay if you work. Which days count depends on your province or territory, or on the Canada Labour Code if you are in a federal industry such as banking or airlines. Vacation Read More…

Total Compensation Total compensation is the full value of a job, not only the wage. It includes pay plus benefits such as health insurance, retirement contributions, and paid leave. In the United States, benefits often make up a large share of that package. In Canada, public health care changes the mix, but employer pensions, dental, Read More…

T4 Slip A T4 slip is the year-end Canadian form your employer sends. It adds up what you earned and what was withheld for income tax, CPP or QPP, and EI. You need it to file your tax return. If you had more than one job, you may get more than one T4. Keep them Read More…

Statutory Deductions Statutory deductions are amounts your employer must take off your paycheque because the law requires it. In the United States that usually means federal income tax, Social Security, Medicare, and often state income tax. In most of Canada it means income tax, Canada Pension Plan (CPP), and Employment Insurance (EI). In Quebec, QPP Read More…

Seniority Seniority is a workplace rule that rewards time on the job. Workers who have been there longer often get first pick of shifts, overtime, or protection if the company has to cut staff. In many union contracts, the last people hired are the first laid off. Age is not what counts. A 22-year-old hired Read More…

Weingarten Rights Weingarten rights are a U.S. union protection. If you are a union member and the boss calls you into a meeting that could lead to discipline, you can have a union representative with you. You usually have to ask. The point is that you are not alone while they gather facts that could Read More…

Union Dues Union dues are regular payments members make so the union can represent them: negotiating the contract, handling grievances, legal help, and a strike fund if talks fail. They are usually taken from your paycheque, which lowers take-home pay. You weigh that cost against the pay, benefits, and workplace rules the union bargains for. Read More…

Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy is the belief that you can get better at a specific skill through practice, even after you mess up. It is tied to a task, not to your worth as a person. You might feel sure you can learn a cash register and unsure you can speak in a meeting. That split is Read More…

Safety Stock Safety stock is extra inventory a business keeps on hand in case something goes wrong. It covers a late shipment, a supplier shutdown, or a week when customers buy more than usual. A drugstore that sells 50 bottles of shampoo a week might keep 70, so a delayed truck does not mean empty Read More…

Right to Refuse Unsafe Work The right to refuse unsafe work means you can say no to a task you reasonably believe could seriously hurt you, and the employer cannot punish you for that refusal. In the United States, OSHA covers this when the danger is imminent and serious. In Canada it is a core Read More…

Rent-to-Own Rent-to-own is a contract where you take an item home now and pay for it in weekly or monthly instalments, with the chance to own it after many payments. Stores use it for furniture, appliances, electronics, and phones. The weekly amount looks small, which is why it can feel possible when a regular store Read More…

Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) A Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) is a Canadian account for saving toward retirement. Money you put in can lower the income tax you owe this year. The savings can grow inside the plan. You pay tax later, when you take the money out, usually in retirement when your income Read More…

Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) A Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) is the Canadian account people use to take money out of their retirement savings. After years of contributing to an RRSP, the plan is usually converted to a RRIF so regular withdrawals can start. You must take at least a minimum amount each year, Read More…

Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP) A Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP) is a Canadian account families use to save for college, university, or other eligible schooling. Parents, grandparents, or others put money in over the years. The federal government may add a matching grant on those deposits, and the savings can grow inside the plan. Read More…

Redlining Redlining is refusing mortgages, insurance, or other financial services to people because of the neighborhood they live in, usually along racial lines. In the United States, government and lenders used color-coded maps in the 1930s. Areas outlined in red were labeled too risky to serve, often because Black families and other marginalized groups lived Read More…

Record of Employment (ROE) When you leave a job, the government needs a record of your pay and why the job ended before unemployment benefits can start. In Canada that document is a Record of Employment (ROE). Your employer must send it to Service Canada. Keep a copy. Without it, an Employment Insurance claim can Read More…

Reciprocity Reciprocity is the pressure to give something back after someone gives to you. The pull is social, not logical. You may not have asked for the gift, but walking away can feel like you let that person down, or failed as a member of the group. That feeling is old and strong. It is Read More…

Psychological Safety Psychological safety is a team’s shared belief that you can speak up without being mocked or punished. You can ask a question that feels basic, suggest an idea that might fail, or admit you messed up, and still have a place on the team. Google studied 180 workplace teams and found this belief Read More…

Qualitative and Quantitative Data Qualitative and quantitative data are two kinds of evidence used in market research. Quantitative data is numbers you can count or measure: how many people bought, how much they paid, how often they come back. Sales reports, survey percentages, and test results are this kind of data. Qualitative data is words Read More…

Push and Pull Systems Push and pull systems are two ways a supply chain decides when to make or move a product. A push system builds stock ahead of time using a forecast, then hopes customers buy it. A sneaker brand that ships a new colorway to stores before anyone has bought it is pushing. Read More…

Progressive Discipline Progressive discipline is a workplace process that gives you chances to fix a problem before you lose the job. A first late shift or a small mistake usually starts with a warning, not a firing. If the problem continues, the response gets more serious: a written warning, then unpaid time off, then termination. Read More…

Probation Period A probation period is a trial stretch at the start of a job when you and the employer decide whether the role fits. In the United States it is often 30 to 90 days and is written into a handbook or offer letter, on top of at-will employment. In Canada the length comes Read More…

Primary-source research is information you go out and collect yourself, usually from real customers. You might survey people, interview them, watch how they shop, or test two versions of a page. The point is to check a specific guess: would these people actually buy this product at this price? Secondary-source research uses information that already Read More…

Phishing Phishing is a scam where a fake message pretends to be a bank, a delivery company, or a government agency so you will hand over a password, a card number, or an ID number. Email is the usual version. The same scam by text is called smishing. A real bank will not ask you Read More…

PESTEL PESTEL is a checklist of outside forces that can make or break a business even when the product itself is solid: political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal. A new law, a recession, a shift in what people care about, a cheaper app, a harsh climate, or a permit rule can all change the Read More…

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal protective equipment (PPE) is gear you wear so a hazard cannot reach your body: a hard hat, gloves, safety glasses, a mask. In both the United States and Canada, the employer must provide required PPE at no charge. It is the last layer of protection, used after the workplace tries Read More…

Pay Equity Pay equity is the rule that jobs of similar value should pay similarly, even when the titles and day-to-day work look different. Value is judged by skill, effort, and responsibility, not by whether the jobs match. A hospital nurse and an electrician can both require training, physical effort, and high responsibility. If those Read More…

Net Pay Net pay is the money that actually lands in your bank account on payday. It is what is left after your employer takes out taxes and other withholdings, such as pension and employment-insurance premiums. That take-home amount is the number you can actually spend or save. An $18-an-hour job will not put a Read More…

Old Age Security (OAS) Old Age Security (OAS) is a monthly federal benefit for seniors in Canada. The government pays it from general tax revenue, so it does not show up as a deduction on your pay stub. If a senior’s income is still low after OAS, they may also receive the Guaranteed Income Supplement Read More…

Near-Miss A near-miss is an event that almost caused an injury or accident, but nobody was hurt. On a construction site, that might be a tool that slips off a scaffold and hits the ground instead of a coworker. The danger was real; luck is what changed the ending. New workers often will not see Read More…

Mortgage Default Insurance Mortgage default insurance is coverage that pays the lender if a homeowner stops making mortgage payments. Lenders require it when the down payment is small, because a high loan-to-value ratio leaves them with less cushion if the loan goes unpaid. The buyer usually pays the premium through the mortgage. In Canada, this Read More…

Mood-State Spending Mood-state spending is buying something mainly to change how you feel. After a stressful week, boredom, or a fight at home, the purchase can soothe you for an hour even if you did not need the item. The trigger is your emotional state, not the product. That is why this kind of spending Read More…

Money Scripts Money scripts are unspoken beliefs about money, usually picked up in childhood by watching how adults handled it. They run in the background and steer spending and saving as if they were rules. A script that once helped—such as extreme frugality during a hard period—can later cause anxiety when you can actually afford Read More…

Mass Production Mass production uses technology, assembly lines, and machinery to make large volumes of standardized goods. Per-unit cost usually falls as volume rises, while flexibility shrinks. It is the production model that supports a cost-leadership strategy. It is the opposite of artisan production, which uses skilled labour and small batches. Click Here for our Read More…

Market Share Market share is the portion of total sales a company holds in a defined market, usually shown as a percentage. You get it by dividing the company’s sales by all sales in that market. For example, if phone sellers in a country together took in $10 million and one brand sold $2 million Read More…

Market Research Market research is how a business gathers evidence about customers, competitors, and the market before it commits to a product, a price, or a campaign. The point is to test a guess: would these people actually buy this, and why. You can collect new data yourself or use information that already exists. Research Read More…

Loss Aversion Loss aversion is the tendency for a loss to hurt more than an equal gain feels good—often about twice as much. Kahneman’s prospect theory describes this imbalance: people weigh losses more heavily than gains of the same size. That is why a “don’t miss this” message can hit harder than “save 20%.” Marketers Read More…

Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV) Loan-to-value ratio (LTV) is the share of a home’s price that you finance with a mortgage. It is the loan amount divided by the home’s price or appraised value. A smaller down payment means a higher LTV. Click Here for our lesson on Canadian Banking Essentials

Loan Remission Loan remission is when a government student-aid program cancels part of what you still owe after you meet set conditions. You borrowed the money first; later, a portion of the debt is written off, so you repay less. The rules vary by program. Some require you to finish school on time. Others forgive Read More…

Liking Liking is a persuasion principle: you are more likely to say yes to people you like. Marketers use similarity, praise, cooperation, and attractiveness to create that feeling. Influencer marketing depends on it. A creator can feel like a friend with good taste, so you trust the product because you trust them. The risk is Read More…

Lifestyle Creep Lifestyle creep happens when spending rises as income rises. After a raise, a larger apartment, more subscriptions, and more dining out can feel reasonable. Those upgrades spend the extra pay, so you earn more but your savings barely grow. The raise disappears into a more expensive routine instead of extra money you keep. Read More…

Lead Time Lead time is the wait between ordering something and receiving it. In a supply chain, a local supplier may charge more per unit but deliver in days, while a distant supplier is cheaper but slower. Short lead times support speed and flexibility. Long lead times require more planning and often more safety stock. Read More…

Labor Market Information (LMI) Labor Market Information (LMI) is data about the job market around you: which kinds of work are growing, what they pay, and what training they usually require. Government labor departments, industry groups, and career centers publish it by region and occupation. Treat it like a weather forecast. It will not name Read More…

Key Performance Indicator (KPI) A key performance indicator (KPI) is a number a business tracks to see whether it is meeting a goal. Managers choose different KPIs depending on the company’s mission, industry, and strategy. Finance might watch profit or cash flow. Marketing might watch customer acquisition cost or market share. Operations might watch on-time Read More…

Just Cause Just cause is a higher standard for discipline or firing than at-will employment. The employer must have a valid reason and usually must follow a fair process. Many union contracts require just cause before serious discipline. Without it, a worker can more easily challenge a firing through the grievance procedure. Click Here for Read More…

Job Shadowing Job shadowing is a way to test a career by watching someone do the work. You spend time at their workplace and see what a typical day is actually like, not just what the job is called. That firsthand look helps you decide whether the career still fits before you commit to courses, Read More…

Internal Responsibility System The internal responsibility system is the idea that everyone at a workplace shares responsibility for safety—workers, supervisors, and employers. Canada uses this model. You do not wait for a government inspector to notice a hazard. You report problems and near-misses, and the employer is expected to fix them. Related Lessons:

Interac e-Transfer An Interac e-Transfer lets you send money from your bank account to someone else using their email or phone number. You do it from online banking or your bank’s app. If the other person has auto-deposit turned on, the money can arrive right away. People use it to split a bill or to Read More…

Grievance A grievance is a formal workplace complaint that follows a set procedure, not a casual remark to a coworker. It can concern a manager, a coworker, pay, safety, harassment, or a broken workplace rule. In a union setting, members usually file it when they believe the employer has broken the collective bargaining agreement. That Read More…

Institution Number These three routing codes identify a Canadian bank account for direct deposit and other transfers. The institution number is three digits and names the bank. The transit number is five digits and names the branch. The account number is unique to you. You can find them on a void cheque or a bank Read More…

Instalment Loan An instalment loan is a loan you repay in scheduled payments over a set term. You borrow a fixed amount, then pay it back on a calendar—weekly, biweekly, or monthly—until the balance is gone. Car loans and bank personal loans work this way. That is different from revolving credit, such as a credit Read More…

Informational Interview An informational interview is a short conversation with someone who already does work you are considering. Labor-market data can tell you pay and demand. This conversation tells you whether the day-to-day job matches what you imagined: how they got in, what they wish they had known, and whether the career still fits. You Read More…

Hidden Job Market The hidden job market is work that gets filled without ever appearing on a public job board. Employers often hire through internal promotions and employee referrals because a known candidate is faster, cheaper, and less risky than advertising and screening strangers. For job seekers, that means many roles already have a preferred Read More…

Heuristics Heuristics are mental shortcuts the brain uses so it does not have to weigh every option from scratch. They save time, but they also skip a full check of the facts. Cognitive psychologists call the fast, automatic version of this System 1 thinking, as opposed to slower System 2 reasoning. Cialdini (1984) showed that Read More…

Halo Effect The halo effect is a bias where one positive trait spills over, so people judge unrelated traits more kindly too. Psychological research has focused on attractiveness. Chaiken (1979) found that attractive presenters were about one-third more persuasive even when the underlying argument stayed the same. Listeners rated them as more honest or capable, Read More…

Guaranteed Investment Certificate (GIC) A guaranteed investment certificate (GIC) is a savings product you buy at a bank or similar institution. You lock in a sum of money for a set term, often from a few months to several years, in return for a stated interest rate. People choose GICs when they will not need Read More…

Gross Pay Gross pay is everything you earned in a pay period before any deducations are taken out, including wages, salary, overtime, and commissions. It is the number on an offer letter or hourly rate multiplied by hours. It is not the amount that lands in your account. When preparing you monthly budget base all Read More…

Goods and Services Tax (GST) The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is Canada’s federal sales tax of 5% on most purchases nationwide. Some provinces blend GST with provincial tax into one Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) line at checkout. Others add a separate provincial tax on top of GST. That second line may be called Provincial Read More…

Foot-in-the-Door Foot-in-the-door is a persuasion sequence: a small request first, then a larger related one. After the first yes, people want their next action to match what they already agreed to, so the second yes becomes more likely. Marketers use this with free trials, quizzes, and samples before the purchase. The same pattern shows up Read More…

Focus Group A focus group is a qualitative research method where a moderator leads a small group discussion to learn why people react to a product, message, or idea. The sample is small, so depth matters more than statistics. A moderator can probe hesitation or emotion that a checkbox survey would miss. One-on-one interviews serve Read More…

Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (FCAC) The Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (FCAC) is the federal agency that protects you when you deal with a bank or other federally regulated financial firm. It enforces consumer-protection rules, including that fees must be disclosed clearly and that you must be treated fairly. If a bank hides charges Read More…

Fintech Fintech, short for financial technology, refers to app-based and other digital companies that offer payments, investing, or banking-style services. In the United States, these apps made it easier to send money and invest, often with low or no account minimums. Money sitting in a fintech app is not automatically FDIC-insured the way a bank Read More…

Exclusive Agreement An exclusive agreement is a contract that limits who a supplier or retailer can deal with. It might stop a parts supplier from selling to competitors, or stop a retailer from stocking rival brands. Companies use exclusivity to raise barriers to entry and make it harder for rivals to compete. That is a Read More…

Employment Insurance (EI) Employment Insurance (EI) is a federal program funded by payroll premiums. While you work, it is a required deduction on your pay stub. If you lose your job, those contributions can qualify you for temporary benefits. Your employer sends a Record of Employment so the government can decide if you qualify. In Read More…

Dual Enrollment Dual enrollment is a pathway in which a high-school student earns college or university credit while still in high school. Those credits can shorten later study and show a career interest on a resume. The student is enrolled in both at once, so the same courses usually count toward high school graduation and Read More…

Product Launch Tests Desirability, feasibility, and viability are three tests a business should pass before it launches a product. Desirability asks whether customers want it: the product solves a real problem (problem-solution fit). Feasibility asks whether the company can actually build and deliver it, including suppliers, storage, and shipping. Viability asks whether it can make Read More…

Cost Leadership Cost leadership is a competitive strategy of winning customers by keeping prices lower than rivals. It usually depends on mass production, high volume, and supply chains built to cut per-unit cost. It is different from competing on uniqueness or custom work. To hold that low price, the company usually makes thousands of the Read More…

Component Part A component part is a finished item for one company that becomes an input in another company’s product. The chip in your laptop is a finished good for the chip maker and a component for the computer brand. When AI companies, car plants, and phone makers all need the same chips, that part Read More…

Commitment (Consistency) Commitment, also called consistency, is a persuasion principle: people want later choices to match what they have already said or claimed to be. Once you call yourself a fan of a team, idol, or creator, later asks feel like tests of that identity: merch, limited drops, “real fans do this.” A parasocial bond Read More…

Collective Bargaining Collective Bargaining is the process in which a union negotiates pay, benefits, schedules, and other job terms with an employer for a group of workers, instead of each person bargaining alone. If talks succeed, the result is a Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA), a binding contract that covers the group. If the CBA conflicts Read More…

Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort people feel when their actions do not match what they have already said or done. Marketers use small, voluntary, public commitments because backing out later creates that discomfort. A shopper who says “yes” to a short quiz or a free trial is then more likely to say yes Read More…

Canada Pension Plan (CPP) The Canada Pension Plan (CPP) is a mandatory public pension funded by payroll deductions. Your employer withholds it from each paycheque as a statutory deduction, listed with income tax and EI, to help fund retirement, disability, and survivor benefits. If you work in Quebec, the same kind of deduction is called Read More…

Chartered Bank A chartered bank is a government-licensed bank that takes deposits and makes loans. In Canada it is a Bank Act category, not a nickname. The Big Six (BMO, CIBC, TD, Scotiabank, RBC, and National Bank) are the main examples and hold most banking assets. Credit unions and caisses populaires are member-owned and separate. Read More…

Canada Student Grants and Loans Canada Student Grants and Canada Student Loans are federal student aid. You apply through your province or territory of residence, not a separate federal form. Quebec, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut use their own systems instead. Grants do not have to be repaid. Loans do, but since 2023 Canada Student Read More…

Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) is Canada’s federal tax agency. You file your federal return with it, and many refunds and benefits are paid through your CRA account. Quebec residents still file federally with the CRA, plus a provincial return with Revenu Québec. In the United States the counterpart is the Read More…

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) is a federal Crown corporation that, among other roles, provides mortgage default insurance. If you borrow more than 80% of a home’s value, federal rules require this insurance from CMHC or a private insurer. The insurance protects the lender if you default; Read More…

Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC) The Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC) is the federal agency that insures eligible deposits if a member bank fails. Coverage is automatic, up to $100,000 for each eligible category of account at that institution. It covers deposits such as chequing, savings, and GICs. It does not cover stocks, funds, or Read More…

Bursary A bursary is student aid you do not have to repay, given mainly because of financial need. Schools and governments both award them. It is not a loan, which you pay back, and it is usually not a scholarship, which is based on marks or talent. In the United States the same idea is Read More…

Big Five Personality Traits The Big Five personality traits are five spectrums psychologists use to describe personality: conscientiousness, extraversion/introversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, and neuroticism. Most people fall somewhere between the extremes of each trait. The model does not tell you which job to pick. It helps you predict where you will feel energized, drained, Read More…

Basic Personal Amount The Basic Personal Amount is the federal income threshold below which you owe no federal tax on employment income in Canada. It is a tax credit, not a cash payment. If your income is under this amount, you may still have other deductions such as CPP and EI, but you do not Read More…

Bank of Canada (BOC) The Bank of Canada (BOC) is Canada’s central bank. It is not a chartered bank where you open a chequing account. It supplies cash when banks need it and helps guide interest rates across the economy. Those rates affect mortgages, student loans, and the cost of borrowing for households and businesses. Read More…

Auto-Deposit and Direct Deposit Auto-deposit and direct deposit both put money in your account without a paper cheque, but they are not the same. Direct deposit is how an employer or the government pays you on a schedule, using your institution, transit, and account numbers. Auto-deposit is an Interac e-Transfer setting: if you have it Read More…

Authority Authority is a persuasion principle: people tend to follow someone who looks like a credible expert when a decision feels risky or unclear. In marketing, it shows up as titles (Dr., CEO), uniforms, certifications, seals, and endorsements tied to the product. The cue is the appearance of expertise, which may or may not match Read More…

At-Will Employment At-will employment is a U.S. rule under which an employer can usually fire a worker, or a worker can quit, at any time for any legal reason, without advance notice. It is common in private non-union jobs. Union contracts often replace it with just cause, which requires a valid reason and a fair Read More…

Assessed Financial Need Assessed financial need is the gap a student-aid program calculates between what your education costs and what you and your family are expected to contribute. Federal aid in most of Canada is meant to cover up to 60% of that amount; your province or territory is expected to cover the rest. Need Read More…

Artisan Production Artisan production is a way of making goods that relies on skilled labour, small batches, and close attention to detail. A custom furniture shop that builds one table to a client’s measurements is an example. It is the opposite of mass production, which uses assembly lines to make large volumes of standardized products Read More…

Applicant Tracking System (ATS) An applicant tracking system (ATS) is software employers use to collect and screen job applications before a person reads them. It scans resumes for keywords from the job posting. If those terms are missing, a qualified candidate may never reach a recruiter. That is why matching your resume language to the Read More…

Annual Percentage Rate (APR) Annual percentage rate (APR) is the yearly cost of a loan expressed as a single percentage. It is designed so you can compare offers more fairly than by looking at a simple interest rate alone. In Canada, the criminal interest-rate cap is measured in APR. Related Lessons