Home Maintenance 101:

A Guide for First-Time Homeowners

Owning a home is a big responsibility, and keeping up with maintenance will save you time, money, and stress in the long run. The key is to keep your home in top shape, prevent costly repairs, and ensure your space stays safe and comfortable.

1. Maintaining Appliances

Your home’s appliances need regular care to work efficiently and last longer. Here’s a quick checklist for major appliances:

• Refrigerator: Clean the condenser coils every six months to prevent dust buildup, which can make your fridge work harder and increase energy costs. Keep the temperature at 37-40°F and the freezer at 0°F for efficiency. If your refrigerator has a water dispenser or ice machine you will need to replace your water filter as well. This is recommended every 6 months.
• Washing Machine: Avoid overloading, clean the detergent drawer, and run a hot cycle with vinegar once a month to remove residue.
• Dryer: Clean the lint trap after every use and check the vent duct regularly to prevent fi re hazards.
• Dishwasher: Clean the filter monthly and use vinegar to remove buildup from hard water.
• Water Heater: Drain and flush it once a year to remove sediment that can reduce efficiency.

2. Roof and Gutter Maintenance

Your roof and gutters protect your home from water damage. Ignoring them can lead to leaks, mold, and expensive repairs.

• Roof: Inspect for missing or damaged shingles twice a year and after storms. Small leaks can cause major damage if left untreated.
• Gutters: Clean them at least twice a year (spring and fall) to prevent clogging. Clogged gutters can cause water to overflow, damaging your home’s foundation.
• Downspouts: Make sure they direct water at least 3 feet away from your foundation to prevent erosion and basement flooding.

3. Changing Air Filters & HVAC Maintenance

Your HVAC system keeps your home comfortable, but it needs care to run efficiently.

• Air Filters: Change them every 1-3 months to improve air quality and efficiency.
• HVAC System: Get an annual tune-up before summer or winter to prevent breakdowns.
• Ceiling Fans: Reverse the direction seasonally—clockwise in winter (to push warm air down), counterclockwise in summer (to circulate cool air).

4. Watching for Leaks & Water Damage

Water leaks can cause mold, rot, and expensive repairs. Here’s how to prevent and spot them:

• Check Under Sinks: Look for moisture or puddles monthly.
• Inspect Toilets & Faucets: If they drip or run constantly, fix them to save water.
• Look at Ceilings & Walls: Water stains can indicate roof or plumbing leaks.
• Test Water Pressure: Low pressure might mean a hidden leak in your pipes.
• Know How to Shut Off Water:
  • The main water shutoff valve is usually near the water meter or where the main line enters your home.
  • Turn the valve clockwise (right) to shut off the water in case of a leak or burst pipe.

5. Gas & Propane Safety

If your home has a gas or propane line, safety is critical.

• Know the Smell of Gas: A rotten egg smell means a leak—leave immediately and call 911 or your gas provider from a safe distance.
• Install Detectors:
  • Carbon monoxide (CO) detectors near bedrooms—gas appliances can produce CO, which is odorless and deadly.
  • Gas leak detectors for added safety.
• Check & Maintain Gas Appliances:
  • Have a professional inspect gas appliances annually.
  • Burners should have a blue flame—yellow or orange flames may indicate an issue.
• Shut Off the Gas in an Emergency:
  • Locate the gas shutoff valve (usually outside near the meter).
  • Use a wrench to turn the valve perpendicular to the pipe to shut it off.
  • Only a professional should turn it back on.

6. Fire Safety

Fire prevention is essential for home safety.

• Fire Extinguishers: Keep at least one on each level of your home, especially in the kitchen. Learn how to use it:
  • P.A.S.S. method: Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep side to side.
• Safe Cooking Practices:
  • Never leave the stove unattended while cooking.
  • Keep flammable items away from heat sources.
• Escape Plan:
  • Plan and practice a fire escape route with your household.
  • Know two ways out of every room.

• Smoke Alarms: Install them in every bedroom and common area. Test them monthly and replace batteries yearly.

7. Energy Efficiency

Save money and reduce waste with these simple habits:

• Turn Off Lights & Electronics when leaving a room.
• Thermostat Settings: Keep it around 68°F in winter and 78°F in summer for efficiency.
• Windows & Doors: Check for drafts—use weatherstripping and caulk to seal gaps.
• Insulation: Ensure proper insulation in your attic and walls to maintain temperature control.

8. Keeping Your Home Clean & Pest-Free

A clean home prevents health issues and pests.

• Trash Management: Take out the trash regularly, especially food waste, to prevent odors and pests.
• Food Storage: Store dry goods in airtight containers to keep bugs and rodents away.
• Deep Cleaning: Sweep, mop, and vacuum often to prevent dust and crumbs from attracting pests.
• Inspect for Pests: Check dark corners, basements, and cabinets for signs of rodents or bugs. If you see droppings or chew marks, set traps or call a professional.

9. Quick Maintenance Schedule

Regular maintenance prevents big problems. Here’s a quick guide to staying on track:

Bonus Safety Reminders:

✅ Know how to shut off water and gas in an emergency.
✅ Test smoke and carbon monoxide detectors regularly.
✅ Keep fire extinguishers accessible.

Home Maintenance 101 Quiz